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If you've accessed the Internet in the past two decades, chances are you've done so through a network address translation (NAT) device. Where did it come from? Join us as we hear the unbelievable story first hand from the pioneers that were making it happen, and how the Internet itself was changed forever. Want more content like this? Support our channel! Patreon + Discord community: https://www.patreon.com/serialport #90s #internet #technology 00:00 — California 00:28 — 1992 01:23 — IP address space 04:14 — Paul Francis 04:43 — Public vs Private networks 05:03 — Network address translation 06:41 — End-to-end principle 07:49 — JMA 09:15 — Three solutions 11:25 — Inventing a NAT device 14:57 — NTI and the PIX Firewall 17:02 — Cisco 17:56 — The triumph of the PIX 19:12 — Looking back 21:17 — Outro References: Coile, Brantley. Email interview. Conducted by Serial Port, May 2023. Francis, Paul. Video Interview. Conducted by Serial Port, May 2023. Mayes, John. Video Interview. Conducted by Serial Port, May 2023. Tsuchiya, P., Eng, T. Extending the IP Internet Through Address Reuse. 1993. Computer Communication Review, ACM SIGCOMM. JMA (John Mayes Associates). John Mayes. http://www.jma.com "The PIX" story by Brantley Coile http://coraid.com/b190403-the-pix.html Bakni, Michel. How static NAT works. 2020. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Static_NAT-en.svg Bakni, Michel. A table for prefixes to be used in classless addressing, and their equivalents in classful addressing. 2019. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:IPv4_CIDR_table-en.svg the tango desktop team. A proxy scheme. 2009. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Proxy-wikibook.svg Jon Postel. Information Sciences Institute, USC Viterbi, 2017. https://www.postel.org/postel.html IANA IPv4 Address Space Registry. IANA, 2022. https://www.iana.org/assignments/ipv4-address-space/ipv4-address-space.xhtml Share Of United States Households Using Specific Technologies. Our World In Data. https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/technology-adoption-by-households-in-the-united-states IPv6 Statistics. Google. 2023. https://www.google.com/intl/en/ipv6/statistics.html Cisco Secure Firewall 3100 Series Introduction. Cisco. 2022. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FXKaXqDXc0o RFC 1380, 1772, 6296. Internet Engineering Task Force. https://www.ietf.org/standards/rfcs/